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Sodom

Illustration of Sodom

Among the cities of the Jordan plain, Sodom features prominently in the pseudepigraphal accounts as a byword for extreme wickedness and its catastrophic consequences. The Book of Jubilees and the Book of Jasher expand upon the traditional narrative, describing the perverse laws and customs of its inhabitants, their hostility to strangers, and the progressive escalation of their sins that finally provokes divine destruction through fire and brimstone. Jasher chapters 18 and 19 provide extensive detail on the city's corrupt judicial system and the suffering inflicted upon visitors, while Jubilees frames the destruction as angelic judgment aligned with the cosmic order. Within the Enochic tradition, Sodom serves as a prototype for eschatological punishment, with its fiery overthrow echoing the burning valleys prepared for the wicked in Enoch's visions of final judgment.

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Key Chapters

Key Passages

Destruction of Sodom

The Book of Jasher 19:1-30

B1ut the sons of men would not hearken to them, nor incline their ears to their words, and they were stiffnecked.

2 And the Lord granted them a period of one hundred and twenty years, saying, If they will return, then will God repent of the evil, so as not to destroy the earth. 3 Noah the son of Lamech refrained from taking a wife in those days, to beget children, for he said, Surely now God will destroy the earth, wherefore then shall I beget children? 4 And Noah was a just man, he was perfect in his generation, and the Lord chose him to raise up seed from his seed upon the face of the earth. 5 And the Lord said unto Noah, Take unto thee a wife, and beget children, for I have seen thee righteous before me in this generation. 6 And thou shalt raise up seed, and thy children with thee, in the midst of the earth; and Noah went and took a wife, and he chose Naamah the daughter of Enoch, and she was five hundred and eighty years old. 7 And Noah was four hundred and ninety-eight years old, when he took Naamah for a wife. 8 And Naamah conceived and bare a son, and he called his name Japheth, saying, God has enlarged me in the earth; and she conceived again and bare a son, and he called his name Shem, saying, God has made me a remnant, to raise up seed in the midst of the earth. 9 And Noah was five hundred and two years old when Naamah bare Shem, and the boys grew up and went in the ways of the Lord, in all that Methuselah and Noah their father taught them. 10 And Lamech the father of Noah, died in those days; yet verily he did not go with all his heart in the ways of his father, and he died in the hundred and ninety-fifth year of the life of Noah. 11 And all the days of Lamech were seven hundred and seventy years, and he died. 21.

Abominations of Sodom

The Book of Jasher 18:10-25

A10nd the Lord granted them a period of one hundred and twenty years, saying, If they will return, then will God repent of the evil, so as not to destroy the earth. 12.

Sodom in Jubilees

The Book of Jubilees 16:5-9

S5arah and did unto her as He had spoken and she conceived. And she bare a son in the third month, and in the middle of the month, at the time of which the Lord had spoken to Abraham, on the festival of the first fruits of the harvest, Isaac was born. And Abraham circumcised his son on the eighth day: he was the first that was circumcised according to the covenant which is ordained for ever. And in the sixth year of the fourth week we came to Abraham, to the Well of the Oath, and we appeared unto him and we blessed him, and we announced to him all the things which had been decreed concerning him, that he should not die till he should beget six sons more, and should see (them) before he died; but

6 (that) in Isaac should his name and seed be called: And (that) all the seed of his sons should be Gentiles, and be reckoned with the Gentiles; but from the sons of Isaac one should become a holy seed, and should not be reckoned among the Gentiles. For he should become the portion of the Most High, and all his seed had fallen into the possession of God, that it should be unto the Lord a people for (His) possession above all nations and that it should become a kingdom and priests and a holy nation. And we went our way, and we announced to Sarah all that we had told him, and they both rejoiced with exceeding great joy. And he built there an altar to the Lord who had delivered him, and who was making him rejoice in the land of his sojourning, and he celebrated a festival of joy in this month seven days, near the altar which he had built at the Well of the Oath. 7 And he built booths for himself and for his servants on this festival, and he was the first to celebrate the feast of tabernacles on the earth. And during these seven days he brought each day to the altar a burnt offering to the Lord, two oxen, two rams, seven sheep, one he-goat, for a sin offering, that he might atone thereby for himself and for his seed. And, as a thank-offering, seven rams, seven kids, seven sheep, and seven he-goats, and their fruit offerings and their drink offerings; and he burnt all the fat thereof on the altar, a chosen offering unto the Lord for a sweet smelling savour. 8 And morning and evening he burnt fragrant substances, frankincense and galbanum, and stackte, and nard, and myrrh, and spice, and costum; all these seven he offered, crushed, mixed together in equal parts (and) pure. And he celebrated this feast during seven days, rejoicing with all his heart and with all his soul, he and all those who were in his house, and there was no stranger with him, nor any that was uncircumcised. And he blessed his Creator who had created him in his generation, for He had created him according to His good pleasure; for He knew and perceived that from him would arise the plant of righteousness for the eternal generations, and from him a holy seed, so that it should become like Him who had made all things. And he blessed and rejoiced, and he called the name of this festival the festival of the Lord, a joy acceptable to the Most High God. And we blessed him for ever, and all his seed after him throughout all the generations of the earth, because he celebrated this festival in its season, according to the testimony of the heavenly tablets. For this reason it is ordained on the heavenly tablets concerning Israel, that they shall celebrate the feast of tabernacles seven days with joy, in the seventh month, acceptable before the Lord -a statute for ever throughout their generations every year. And to this there is no limit of days; for it is ordained for ever regarding Israel that they should celebrate it and dwell in booths, and set wreaths upon their heads, and take leafy boughs, and willows from the brook. And Abraham took branches of palm trees, and the fruit of goodly trees, and every day going round the altar with the branches seven times in the morning, he praised and gave thanks to his God for all things in joy.

Did You Know?

1

Jasher describes bizarre laws in Sodom where helping a stranger was punishable by death.

2

The destruction serves as a recurring prototype for eschatological judgment throughout the Enochic corpus.

3

Jasher describes laws that punish hospitality and reward cruelty — complete moral inversion.

4

Visitors are forced onto iron beds — stretched if too short, amputated if too tall.

5

The destruction by fire prefigures the eschatological burning valleys Enoch sees prepared for the wicked.