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Hebron / Machpelah

Illustration of Hebron / Machpelah

In the pseudepigraphal accounts of the patriarchs, Hebron functions as the ancestral burial ground and a site of enduring covenantal significance. The Book of Jubilees and the Book of Jasher both record Abraham's purchase of the cave of Machpelah and its subsequent use as the burial place for Sarah, Abraham, Isaac, Rebecca, Jacob, and Leah. These texts emphasize the legal and spiritual importance of this acquisition, portraying it as the first permanent territorial claim in the promised land. Beyond its funerary role, Hebron appears in these works as a place of divine visitation and patriarchal residence, where Abraham dwells and receives angelic messengers. Its associations with both death and promise make it a powerful symbol of continuity between generations in the covenant lineage.

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Abraham at Hebron

The Book of Jubilees 19:1-9

A1nd in the first year of the first week in the forty-second jubilee, Abraham returned and dwelt opposite Hebron, that is Kirjath Arba, two weeks of years. And in the first year of the third week of this jubilee the days of the life of Sarah were accomplished, and she died in Hebron. And Abraham went to mourn over her and bury her, and we tried him if his spirit were patient and he were not indignant in the words of his mouth; and he was found patient in this, and was not disturbed. For in patience of spirit he conversed with the children of Heth, to the intent that they should give him a place in which to bury his dead. And the Lord gave him grace before all who saw him, and he besought in gentleness the sons of Heth, and they gave him the land of the double cave over against Mamre, that is Hebron, for four hundred pieces of silver. And they besought him saying, We shall give it to thee for nothing; but he would not take it from their hands for nothing, for he gave the price of the place, the money in full, and he bowed down before them twice, and after this he buried his dead in the double cave. And all the days of the life of Sarah were one hundred and twenty-seven years, that is, two jubilees and four weeks and one year: these are the days of the years of the life of Sarah. This is the tenth trial wherewith Abraham was tried, and he was found faithful, patient in spirit. And he said not a single word regarding the rumour in the land how that God had said that He would give it to him and to his seed after him, and he begged a place there to bury his dead; for he was found faithful, and was recorded on the heavenly tablets as the friend of

2 God. And in the fourth year thereof he took a wife for his son Isaac and her name was Rebecca the sister of Laban and daughter of Bethuel; and Bethuel was the son of Melca, who was the wife of Nahor, the brother of Abraham. 3 And Abraham took to himself a third wife, and her name was Keturah, from among the daughters of his household servants, for Hagar had died before Sarah. And she bare him six sons, Zimram, and Jokshan, and Medan, and Midian, and Ishbak, and Shuah, in the two weeks of years. And in the sixth week, in the second year thereof, Rebecca bare to Isaac two sons, Jacob and Esau, and Jacob was a smooth and upright man, and Esau was fierce, a man of the field, and hairy, and Jacob dwelt in tents. And the youths grew, and Jacob learned to write; but Esau did not learn, for he was a man of the field and a hunter, and he learnt war, and all his deeds were fierce. And Abraham loved Jacob, but Isaac loved Esau. And Abraham saw the deeds of Esau, and he knew that in Jacob should his name and seed be called; and he called Rebecca and gave commandment regarding 4 Jacob, for he knew that she (too) loved Jacob much more than Esau. And he said unto her: My daughter, watch over my son Jacob, For he shall be in my stead on the earth, And for a blessing in the midst of the children of men, And for the glory of the whole seed of Shem. 5 For I know that the Lord will choose him to be a people for possession unto Himself, above all peoples that are upon the face of the earth. And behold, Isaac my son loves Esau more than Jacob, but I see that thou truly lovest Jacob. 6 Add still further to thy kindness to him, And let thine eyes be upon him in love; For he shall be a blessing unto us on the earth from henceforth unto all generations of the earth. 7 Let thy hands be strong And let thy heart rejoice in thy son Jacob; For I have loved him far beyond all my sons. He shall be blessed for ever, And his seed shall fill the whole earth. 8 If a man can number the sand of the earth, His seed also shall be numbered. 9 And all the blessings wherewith the Lord hath blessed me and my seed shall belong to Jacob and his seed alway. And in his seed shall my name be blessed, and the name of my fathers, Shem, and

Did You Know?

1

Abraham purchased the cave of Machpelah for 400 shekels of silver — the first land owned in Canaan.

2

Six patriarchs and matriarchs are traditionally buried here: Abraham, Sarah, Isaac, Rebecca, Jacob, and Leah.

3

The cave purchase is the first legal land transaction in the promised land — permanent claim.

4

Six patriarchs and matriarchs are buried here, making it the most sacred ancestral site.

5

Abraham dwells here longest, making it his true home rather than a temporary camp.